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You can opt for surgical options for hemorrhoids.
Types of non-invasive surgery that can be done in a doctor’s office or out-patient setting to treat haemorrhoids include the following:
Rubber band ligation: A tiny rubber band is secured around the haemorrhoid, shutting off its blood supply. Within a week, the haemorrhoid shrinks and falls off.
Coagulation
Infrared photocoagulation: Using a laser beam, a tiny burn painlessly seals off the end of the haemorrhoid, causing it to close off and shrink.
Electrocoagulation: An electric probe is used to seal off the end of the haemorrhoid.
Cryotherapy: This method uses extremely cold temperatures to seal off the diseased tissue.
In-hospital procedures
If the haemorrhoids persist, you may have to go for an in-hospital procedure. This may involve:
Haemorrhoidectomy: This is the gold standard for advanced haemorrhoids and involves the complete removal of the haemorrhoid.
Trans-anal haemorrhoidal artery ligation: A stitch is placed around each blood vessel with the aim of cutting off the blood supply to the haemorrhoid.
Stapled haemorrhoidopexy: A circular stapler is used to treat prolapsed internal haemorrhoids. It doesn’t remove the haemorrhoid, but treats the lax tissue that has allowed the haemorrhoid to sag downwards, anchoring it back into place.
Course and prognosis
The medical management and office/outpatient-based treatment for haemorrhoids results in the resolution or improvement of symptoms.
If strong risk factors remain present, symptoms may recur. Thus, the symptoms of haemorrhoids can be controlled but not cured.
The greatest success rate is achieved with a haemorrhoidectomy. This is a much more painful treatment option than trans-anal haemorrhoidal artery ligation or stapled haemorrhoidopexy. However, both these surgical options have a much higher failure rate over the long term.
When to call a doctor
A visit to a doctor is indicated when:
Rectal bleeding occurs for no apparent reason and isn’t associated with trying to pass stools.
Rectal bleeding continues for more than one week.
Rectal bleeding becomes heavy and/or it changes in colour from bright to dark red.
There’s a change in stool consistence or colour.
A lump near the anus gets bigger or becomes more painful.
Pain and/or swelling due to haemorrhoids is severe.